cell structures

lesson structure: 

cell structure --> functions --> cell surface membrane --> transport across membrane

a recap: 

parts	functions
a: nucleus	contains the genetic material (DNA) controls all the cellular activities
b: cytoplasm	consists of cytosol and organelles cytosol (cyto: cell ; sol: gel) is a aqueous matrix where organelles are suspended
c: vacuole	fills with food being digested and waste material that is on its way out of the cell.
d: cell membrane (cell surface membrane; plasma membrane)	it controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
e: mitochondrion	produces energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphophate) for the cell and body
f: golgi apparatus	packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane bound vesicles to be synthesised by the cell
g: lysosomes	contains digestive enzymes digestion of cell nutrients take place.
h: smooth endoplasmic reticulum (er)*	transports materials through the cell contains enzymes and produces and digests lipids (fats) and membrane proteins buds off from rough ER, moving the newly-made proteins and lipids to the golgi body, lysosomes, and membranes
i:  rough endoplasmic reticulum (er)*	has ribosomes transports materials through the cell and produces proteins in sacks called cisternae (which are sent to the golgi body, or inserted into the cell membrane).
j:  ribosomes	composed of RNA- rich cytoplasmic granules protein synthesis takes place here

chloroplast

converts H2O and CO2 using light energy from the sun into soluble sugars for the plant

*endoplasmic reticulum

endo: internal
plasmic: within the cell
reticulum: net-like structure

rough er: has ribosomes
smooth er: no ribosomes

*vesicles are used to ensure transportation within the cell, and ensures that it will not diffuse out into the cell